Calculate straight-line 2D Euclidean distance, 3D spatial distance, and geographic Great-Circle distances using the Haversine formula across Earth coordinates with exact radicals, midpoints, and bearings.
Horizontal and vertical separations between the two points.
Straight-line hypotenuse distance derived from the Pythagorean theorem.
The exact center point halfway along the line segment.
Distance is the quantitative measure of how far apart objects or points are. In Euclidean spaces, it corresponds to the shortest straight-line path, while on planetary spheroids it follows great-circle geodesics.
The Haversine calculation uses the volumetric mean Earth radius R ≈ 6,371 km (3,958.8 miles).
Understanding your calculation
Coordinate distance in a flat Cartesian plane uses the square root of the sum of squared coordinate differences.
Between (0, 0) and (3, 4), distance is √(3² + 4²) = 5 coordinate units.
Straight-line distance differs from road distance. Geographic coordinates need an appropriate Earth model rather than treating latitude and longitude as ordinary flat lengths.